2021/03/10
Rockwell Collins new generation GPS-4000-100 receiver
It’s still exceptionally difficult to qualify GNSS receivers for airborne use so there are only a few existing suppliers.
They include CMC Electronics with its line of OEM and enclosure products, Rockwell Collins with a new generation of airborne receivers just entering the market, Thales in Europe continuing to offer ARINC standard and multi-mode packaged receivers, Garmin still leading the panel-mount market for business aviation, Trimble/Ashtech continuing to promote its GPS/GLONASS airborne receiver, and newer entrants including Aspen/Accord with the NexNav GNSS line, and Avidyne with a home-grown embedded receiver in its flight management systems.
It’s been a while since we reviewed the status of certified airborne receivers, and I was prompted to do so by news that Rockwell Collins has a new generation of receiver which has just received Technical Standard Order (TSO) approval from FAA.
Rockwell Collins has fielded GPS products for 20+ years, and the GPS-4000S — with SBAS capability — has been fielded for more than 8 years, so parts obsolescence may become an issue. With new constellations, and with more countries implementing Space Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), the 10 channel + 2 SBAS design needed an update. So Rockwell Collins undertook a bold step to develop and certify a radically new architecture for airborne applications — a software defined receiver.
Some Members of the Rockwell Collins Navigation Center of Excellence, in Melbourne FL (L-R); Jeremy Kazmierczak – Senior Systems Engineer; Eyal Wilamowski – GNSS Project Engineer; De Yao – Senior Electrical Engineer; Angelo Joseph – GNSS Architect, Technical Project Manager; and Principal Systems Engineer Vikram Malhotra – Senior Systems Engineer
A multi-frequency prototype first came together during two years of intense work by a couple of individuals, led by Angelo Joseph, an ex-NovAtel Aviation Group engineer with 15 years of GNSS design experience. When this proof-of-concept receiver demonstrated the required capability, a new GNSS receiver team was put together in Melbourne, Florida, to develop a fully qualified receiver, designed and built to stringent airborne standards.
Over the next six years, hardware was proven to meet performance, environmental, electrical, safety, high-integrity and reliability standards, and software was carefully developed and tested to meet the highest aviation qualification requirements — referred to as “Level A.”
In the process, a number of patents were generated — two have so far been approved in the United States:
Low-cost high integrity integrated multi-sensor precision navigation system, US 9513376 B1
Universal channel for location tracking system, US 9702979 B1
The universal-channel technique enables the new receiver to be configured to track any satellite navigation signal on all 14 + 4 SBAS channels (ultimately, this GNSS engine is anticipated to be able to track 100+ GNSS satellite signals), so the receiver is ready for when other constellations are approved for airborne navigation — for instance, European approval for Galileo use may be high on the list of new capabilities.
CMA-6024 GPS/SBAS/GBAS sensor
The new receiver is capable of LPV (localizer performance with vertical guidance) precision approaches to CAT I (down to ~200ft height in ~1/2 mile visibility). It features combined Required Navigation Performance (RNP) and approach capability, 10-Hz deviation output computations (20-Hz outputs), plug-and-play replacement for existing Rockwell Collins GPS receivers. It is Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B) compliant and has fast cold-start (
With production spooling up in Melbourne, Florida, it is available now for installation on business and regional aircraft.
An additional TSO application is underway to enable anticipated installations on Airbus and Boeing commercial transport aircraft. Work on the Rockwell Collins Next Generation Multi-Mode Receiver, the GLU-2100, is well advanced with an estimated availability at the end of this year.
In Europe, Thales markets the TopStar-C certified GNSS receiver solution for aircraft and helicopter navigation and approach, providing LPV, RNP and ADS-B, with Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) capability promised in the near future. Compliant with all these latest navigation functions, TopStar-C is available as both standard fit (installed as basic fit on a new aircraft) and for retrofit on aircraft and helicopters alike.
CMA-4124 GNSSA Precision Approach Receiver
The Thales Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR) is part of the TopFlight Line, which includes comprehensive solutions for communication, navigation and surveillance. The MMR is configured with GNSS landing system (GLS) and navigation capability, Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Microwave Landing System (MLS) receivers in one package.
ILS still provides Cat III precision landing system (effectively 700 ft visibility of the runway down to 50 ft) capability at a few key airports where severe weather can really disrupt scheduled airline operations. Nevertheless, ILS may encounters integrity problems due to FM interference and multipath reflection, which may degrade landing capabilities under low-visibility conditions — just when its most needed. MLS can provide Cat. III B (effectively 600 ft visibility of the runway down to 35 ft) landing alternative to ILS, but is fielded at very few airports.
Meanwhile, GLS is part of the international strategic plan to provide precision approach capability worldwide to an increasing number of runways. So airlines may soon have a number of precision-landing options at airports around the world — ILS, MLS or GLS — and the Thales MMR provides all three capabilities.
Garmin GTN-650 panel-mount Nav/Comm System
CMC Electronics introduced the CMA-6024 GPS Satellite Based Augmentation System and Ground Based Augmentation System (SBAS/GBAS) CAT-l/ll/lll Precision Approach Solution at the National Business Aircraft Association show in November 2016. CMC has been in the business of supplying certified GPS receivers for commercial air transport, business aviation and helicopter markets, either directly or through Honeywell and other partners for over 35 years — almost as long as GPS has been around! The CMC family of airborne receivers also has another connection with NovAtel — they were developed as a collaborative effort with NovAtel and incorporate patented Narrow Correlator signal tracking technology.
The CMA-6024 aviation GPS/SBAS/GBAS sensor has an embedded VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) receiver and an integrated GPS navigation sensor, is self-contained, and fully certified Precision Approach and navigation GBAS/GLS solution, certified to Design Assurance Level A.
Garmin GPS/Nav/Comm/Multi-Function Display.
The CMA-6024 provides a navigation solution that is fully compliant with Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP). It comes with SBAS Localizer Performance/Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LP/LPV) and GBAS Global Navigation Satellite System Landing System (GLS) GAST-C/D Precision Approach guidance for all aircraft. And it meets or exceeds the most stringent environmental requirements set out in RTCA/DO-160G, meeting additional requirements for specific aircraft, such as higher vibration levels for helicopters.
CMC’s family of GPS products includes the CMA-5024 GPS Landing System Sensor that meets the requirements for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), civil certified GNSS, and also the CMA-4124 OEM GNSSA receiver card for embedded applications.
An SBAS/WAAS-certified, 15-channel GPS with 5-Hz outputs is embedded in the Garmin GTN-650 Nav/Comm unit, enabling GPS-guided LPV glide-path instrument approaches down to 200 ft. The system also includes VHF navigation capabilities, with a 200-channel VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) and ILS receiver for approaches with ILS localizer and glideslope. VOR navigation using the extensive ground VOR beacon system uses radial direction and distance to each VOR beacon within receiver range.
FreeFlight FMS/GPS
In addition, course deviation and roll steering outputs may be coupled to compatible autopilots so that IFR flight procedures may be flown automatically. And, when coupled with a flight display and compatible autopilot, the aircraft can fly fully coupled missed approaches, including heading legs as well as holds and search and rescue patterns.
In 2015, Aspen Avionics acquired Accord Technology, an Indian company which claims to have developed the first GPS WAAS airborne sensor to be authorized under US FAA TSO-C145c. These receivers are now marketed as the ‘NexNav’ product line. This receiver was apparently the first to comply with FAA AC20-165A for ADS-B GPS position source and is also sold as an OEM GPS SBAS card-level receiver authorized to TSO-204.
There are currently three NexNav receiver versions:
Mini (TSO-C145c SBAS Class Beta-1 only)
Max (TSO-C145c SBAS Class Beta -1, -2, -3) and
Micro-i GPS SBAS for TSO-C199 TABS for aircraft and experimental aircraft.
SBAS/GNSS (WAAS/GPS) 1201 Sensor
All NexNav GPS WAAS receivers are compatible with other SBAS systems around the world, including the European EGNOS, Japanese MSAS and Indian GAGAN.
FreeFlight also markets two GNSS sensors and a suite of aircraft avionics.
The 1203C sensor houses a high-performance 15-channel GPS engine with advanced interference protection and quick update rates, and is designed for business, regional, airline transport and heavy rotary-wing aircraft. The 1203C is certified to TSO-C145c and meets position source requirements for ADS-B and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) and other L-NAV operations. Another 1201 Sensor GNSS is specifically for General Aviation aircraft.
Bendix/King KSN 770 Flight Information Management System
Bendix/King GNSS navigation capability, like other General Aviation avionics suppliers, is often buried within a cockpit display system that serves to tune radios, and display information from weather radar, Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS), XM Datalink Weather, Terrain awareness and warning System (TAWS) and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).
Nevertheless, the KSN 770 features Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV), and is specified as a “WAAS GPS enroute and approach navigation system.”
Ashtech, now a Trimble subsidiary, still lists the venerable GG12 OEM GPS/GLONASS receiver on its website, now somewhat updated to include SBAS as the GG12W.
Ashtech is careful to describe its OEM receiver as “capable of being qualified” within a TSO-ed FMS systems — presumably the approach has been to provide all the required qualification data to integrator companies, who include this receiver within the FMS as the GNSS navigation and approach receiver. The integrator then submits the Ashtech data to FAA to support their system TSO application.
Avidyne now integrates its own in-house-developed GNSS receiver into its line of cockpit mount FMS and related GNSS navigation and approach systems. And here there is another connection with Angelo Joseph — his work at Avidyne before he went to Rockwell Collins was to develop this Avidyne receiver to replace a bought-out embedded OEM GNSS receiver. The FMS has been certified using this new receiver to TSO-C146d — Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment using GPS augmented by WAAS, including Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment using the Global Positioning System (GPS) — Gamma 3.
Avidyne IFD540 display
There are clearly other companies who supply avionics for GA and Commercial Air Transport aircraft, but this article has attempted to capture a cross-section of GNSS offerings. Other notables include Sagem/Safran in France, Universal Avionics in Tucson, and quite possibly several others that we will no doubt hear about shortly!
As aviation agencies move towards adding the use of other constellations beyond GPS into approved, international navigation standards, there surely has to be significant change across the board for aviation as a whole as improved integrity and availability provide more options and capability. The existing avionics suppliers should be able to maintain market by offering more capability, and there might even be more opportunity for new entrants to come into the market with disruptive products, but for sure the future looks good for the industry.
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We hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency.variable power supply circuits.livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,the common factors that affect cellular reception include.starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity.when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in.the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers,it employs a closed-loop control technique.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,this can also be used to indicate the fire,when the mobile jammer is turned off.to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way.
860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power,the proposed design is low cost,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals.band selection and low battery warning led,frequency band with 40 watts max,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building.industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.information including base station identity.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.fixed installation and operation in cars is possible.please see the details in this catalogue,frequency scan with automatic jamming.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively.theatres and any other public places,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance,by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior.programmable load shedding.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,protection of sensitive areas and facilities.as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user.
Radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.communication system technology.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones.the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes.smoke detector alarm circuit.weather and climatic conditions.it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired.as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first),commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip.providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.
While the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,three circuits were shown here,but with the highest possible output power related to the small dimensions,1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800.wireless mobile battery charger circuit,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity,upon activation of the mobile jammer.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.auto no break power supply control.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,due to the high total output power,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters.my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis.embassies or military establishments,even temperature and humidity play a role.it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply..
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