Portable 4g antenna

2021/03/10 By Jordan Britt, David Bevly, and Christopher Rose Nearly half of all highway fatalities occur from unintended lane departures, which comprise approximately 20,000 deaths annually in the United States. Studies have shown great promise in reducing unintended lane departures by alerting the driver when they are drifting out of the lane. At the core of these systems is a lane detection method typically based around the use of a vision sensor, such as a lidar (light detection and ranging) or a camera, which attempts to detect the lane markings and determine the position of the vehicle in the lane. Lidar-based lane detection attempts to detect the lane markings based on an increase in reflectivity of the lane markings when compared to the road surface reflectivity. Cameras, however, attempt to detect lane markings by detecting the edges of the lane markings in the image. This project seeks to compare two different lane detection techniques-one using a lidar and the other using a camera. Specifically, this project will analyze the two sensors’ ability to detect lane markings in varying weather scenarios, assess which sensor is best suited for lane detection, and determine scenarios where a camera or a lidar is better suited so that some optimal blending of the two sensors can improve the estimate of the position of the vehicle over a single sensor. Lidar-based lane detection The specific lidar-based lane detection algorithm for this project is based on fitting an ideal lane model to actual road data, where the ideal lane model is updated with each lidar scan to reflect the current road conditions. Ideally, a lane takes on a profile similar to the 100-averaged lidar reflectivity scans seen in Figure 1 with the corresponding segment. Figure 1. Lidar reflectivity scan with corresponding lane markings. Note that this profile has a relatively constant area bordered by peaks in the data, where the peaks represent the lane markings and the constant area represents the surface of the road. An ideal lane model is generated with each lidar scan to mimic this averaged data, where averaging the reflectivity directly in front of the vehicle generates the constant portion and increasing the average road surface reflectivity by 75 percent mimics the lane markings. This model is then stretched over a range of some minimum expected lane width to some maximum expected lane width, and the minimum RMSE between the ideal lane and the lidar data is assumed to be the area where the lane resides. For additional information on this method, see Britt, Rose & Levy, September 2011. Camera-based lane detection The camera-based method for this project was built in-house and uses line extraction techniques from the image to detect lane markings and calculate a lateral distance from a second-order polynomial model for the lane marking in image space. A threshold is chosen from the histogram of the image to compensate for differences in lighting, weather, or other non-ideal scenarios for extracting the lane markings. The thresholding operation converts the image into a binary image, which is followed by Canny edge detection. The Hough transform is then used to extract the lines from the image, fill in holes in the lane marking edges, and exclude erroneous edges. Using the slope of the lines, the lines are divided into left or right lane markings. Two criteria based on the assumption that the lane markings do not move significantly within the image from frame to frame are used to further exclude non-lane marking lines in the image. The first test checks that the slope of the line is within a threshold of the slope of the near region of the last frame’s second-order polynomial model. The second test uses boundary lines from the last frame’s second-order polynomial to exclude lines that are not near the current estimate of the polynomial. second-order polynomial interpolation is used on the selected lines’ midpoint and endpoints to determine the coefficients of the polynomial model, and a Kalman filter is used to filter the model to decrease the effect of erroneous polynomial coefficient estimates. Finally, the lateral distance is calculated using the polynomial model on the lowest measurable row of the image (for greater resolution) and a real-distance-to-pixel factor. For more information on this camera-based method, see Britt, et al. Figure 2. Camera-based lane detection (green-detected lanes,blue-extracted lane lines, red-rejected lines). Testing Testing was performed at the NCAT (National Center for Asphalt Technology) in Opelika, Alabama, as seen in Figure 3. This test track is very representative of highway driving and consists of two lanes bordered by solid lane markings and divided by dashed lane markings. The 1.7-mile track is divided into 200-foot segments of differing types of asphalt with some areas of missing lane markings and other areas where the lanes are additionally divided by patches of different types and colors of asphalt. Figure 3. NCAT Test Facility in Opelika, Alabama. A precision survey of each lane marking of the test track as well as precise vehicle positions using RTK GPS were used in order to have a highly accurate measurement of the ability of the lidar and camera to determine the position of the vehicle in the lane. Testing occurred only on the straights, and the performance was analyzed on the ability of the lidar and camera to determine the position of the lane using metrics of mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), standard deviation of error (σerror), and detection rate. The specific scenarios analyzed included varying speeds, varying lighting conditions (noon and dusk/ dawn), rain, and oncoming traffic. Table 1 summarizes the results for these scenarios. For additional results, please see [8]. Scenario MAE(m) MSE(m) σerror (m) %Det Lidar Noon Weaving 0.1818 0.1108 0.3076 98 Camera Noon Weaving 0.1077 0.0511 0.2246 80 Lidar Dusk 45mph 0.0967 0.0176 0.1245 100 Camera Dusk 45mph 0.2021 0.0592 0.2433 57 Lidar Medium Rain 0.1046 0.0177 0.1314 65 Camera Medium Rain 0.0885 0.0101 0.0635 91 Lidar Low Beam, Night 0.0966 0.0159 0.1215 99 Camera Low Beam, Night 0.1182 0.0185 0.0762 84 Table 1. Lidar and camera results for various environments. Additional testing on the effects of oncoming traffic at night was examined by parking a vehicle on the test track at a known location with the headlights on. Figure 4 shows the lateral error with respect to closing distance where a positive closing distance indicates driving at the parked vehicle, and a negative closing distance indicates driving away from the vehicle. Note that the camera does not report a solution at -200 m, which is due to track conditions and not the parked vehicle. Figure 4. Error vs. Closing Distance. Based on these findings it would appear that the camera provided slightly more accurate measurements than the lidar while having a decrease in detection rate. Additionally the camera performed well in the rain where the lidar experienced decreased detection rates. References Frank S. Barickman. Lane departure warning system research and test development. Transportation Research Center Inc., (07-0495), 2007. J. Kibbel, W. Justus, and K. Furstenberg. using multilayer laserscanner. In Proc. Lane estimation and departure warning Proc. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, pages 607 611, September 13 15, 2005. P. Lindner, E. Richter, G. Wanielik, K. Takagi, and A. Isogai. Multi-channel lidar processing for lane detection and estimation. In Proc. 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems ITSC ’09, pages 1 6, October 4 7, 2009. K. Dietmayer, N. Kämpchen, K. Fürstenberg, J. Kibbel, W. Justus, and R. Schulz. Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2005. Heidelberg, 2005. C. R. Jung and C. R. Kelber, “A lane departure warning system based on a linear-parabolic lane model,” in Proc. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symp, 2004, pp. 891–895. C. Jung and C. Kelber, “A lane departure warning system using lateral offset with uncalibrated camera,” in Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE, sept. 2005, pp. 102 – 107. A. Takahashi and Y. Ninomiya, “Model-based lane recognition,” in Proc. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symp., 1996, pp. 201–206. Jordan Britt, C. Rose, & D. Bevly, “A Comparative Study of Lidar and Camera-based Lane Departure Warning Systems,” Proceedings of ION GNSS 2011, Portland, OR, September 2011.

item: Portable 4g antenna - 4g phone jammer joint 4.5 17 votes

The next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,power amplifier and antenna connectors,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,the vehicle must be available,all mobile phones will indicate no network,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise.please visit the highlighted article.it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.one is the light intensity of the room,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers.dtmf controlled home automation system,when the mobile jammers are turned off,please see the details in this catalogue,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised.upon activating mobile jammers,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,smoke detector alarm circuit,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.its called denial-of-service attack,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.vswr over protectionconnections,frequency band with 40 watts max,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building.

The whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,230 vusb connectiondimensions,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,upon activation of the mobile jammer.a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,conversion of single phase to three phase supply,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,religious establishments like churches and mosques,but with the highest possible output power related to the small dimensions,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.both outdoors and in car-park buildings,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,completely autarkic and mobile,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,overload protection of transformer,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,whether voice or data communication.frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,such as propaganda broadcasts,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible.for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,with its highest output power of 8 watt,binary fsk signal (digital signal).radio remote controls (remote detonation devices),we have designed a system having no match,cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,all these functions are selected and executed via the display.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time.over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,conversion of single phase to three phase supply.

The inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,the common factors that affect cellular reception include,my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means.4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,whether copying the transponder,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters.the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,it employs a closed-loop control technique.this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius.which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms,.

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portable 4g antenna

Portable 4g antenna - 4g phone jammer joint

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